Concrete or similar arch.



No. 853,183. A PATENTED MAY 7, 190?. 1). LUTEN. CONCRETE 0R SIMILAR ARCH,

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24, 1505.

4o loading of such an arch, tension is produced DANIEL B. LUTEN, or INDIANAPOLIS, INnIANA.

CONOFIETE OR SIMILAR ARC-H.

Specification of Letters Patent."

Patented May 7, 1907.

Apnlication mm June 24.1905. Serial No. 266.818.

To all whom, it incl/y concern:

citizen of the United States, residing at-1n- Be it known that I, DANIEL B. LUTEN, a 1

dianapolis, in the county of. Marion and State of Indiana, have invented new and Arches, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in" concrete or similar arches, and particularly to that class of such arches as are re-en forced in the regions most liable to failure.

. Theinve tion has for its objects generally speaking, t eprovision of arches of theclass referred to, that are of improved design, economical to erect, capable of withstanding comparatively heavy loads, and that are of gracefulo'utline-and pleasing appearance.

- In'the accompanyin drawings,- Figure 1 1s a longitudinal sectiona view in elevation of a concrete or similar arch showing-re-enforcing tension members-arranged according to certain methodsof the present invention, said members being embedded in the material of the arch; Fig. 2 is a similar viewof an arch forcing showing difierent arrangements of the re-enmembers; Fig. 3 is a sectlonal elevation 0 an arch havingre-enforeing ribs applied to the arch rib or ring, said ribs being re-enforced, if desired, in accordance with the various forms of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a similar view of still another form of arch, and, Fig. 5 is a cross section of Fig. 4

through the center of the arch.

Referring to Fig. 1, the arch rib or ring 2 supported at its ends upon the abutments 3 [is preferabl composed of concrete or similar material. nder the ordinary and usual in the intrados at the crown and in the extradosover the haunches. In viewof the fact that concreteis incapable of withstanding any great amount or tension these regions are re-enforced by neans of the usual metallic tension members capable of successfully resistingtension such as small steel rods, cab panded sheet metal.

. ing members 5 and 6 at the right and left haunches near the extrados. These tension members consist, of short lengths of steel rod or other suitable cross section capable ol" resisting tensionplaccdin the alternate regions of tension in the .arch ring. These short rods, as they may be termed, are connected useful Improvements in, Concrete or S1m1lar es, chains, wire netting or thin or exi v Thus, at the crown, the tenslon member or members 4 are lotogether in some manner adjacent the regions of no tension or of minimum. bending moment and maximum shear, either by merely overlapping the same i n such regions indicated in otheriigurcs of the drawing by. Welding them together, hooking them around each other, or otherwise splicing the meeting ends asindicated at 7, 8 and 9 in Fig. 1, or the two ends of the members and 5 may be prolonged and then be bent across the arch rib and ooked around the opposite rod as indicated at 10, and l 1 at the rightin. Fig. 1. In case tension rods are employed they are spaced across the arch at suitable intervals, as for instance, every two or three feet, and cross the arch rib at various longitudinal ointsas-indicatcd at the. left in Fig. 1. WVlule theoretically theweld or connec tion of the external and internal rods should be at the middle of the crossing oi the rib as shown at 8, it facilitates buying, handling and. construction to have all of the rods of stock' lengths and such lengths maybcemployed by shifting the said connections slightly to one side or the other as indicated at 7 and 9. Since there is no point of maximum tension near the point of crossing, and

if the Weld or junction of the rods develops as much as fifty percent of the rod strength,

the joint is safe even at a roushlerable distance from the mint of change of moment. The crossing o the rods at the diil'erent places in the rib provides a plurahty of shearing members in the region of maximum shear, and, of course, of minimum bending moment. In the arrangement shown attlio right in this figure, the rods 4 and 5 are in the same vertical plane and since they pass each other and cross the rib at dill'erent handle d uriug the erection of the arch. The

present method divides such bar or rods into three parts, thus. rendering more 1 easily handled, while the arch is re-enforced asefl'ectively against tensile stresses as in the case of the continuous bars and,i n;addition is provided with re-enforcement at both intrados and extrados along the doubtful region. 1

There is also furnished at least two shearing members at the region of minimum moment and maximum shear. It Wlll be understood such overlapping rods being preferably bent at an angle to afford secure anchorage. The outer ends of the rods 5 and 6 through the haunches are preferably extended into the abutments and along the outer edge, and are bent around suitable transverse bars or rods 12 embedded in the material of the arch ,to afford a secure anchorage for said rods.

In Fig. 2 the same style of arch rin is shown but the tension member embedde at the crown near the intrados consists'of a rod or bar 13 having transverse members attached thereto and extending up into the arch rib, the members 14 at the center being at about right angles to' the bar 13 while those such as 15 near the ends of the rods are at about forty-five degrees to the main rod. The latter members are located in the regions of no bending moment and of maximum shear and their arrangement at a forty-five degree angle successfully resistsand. e-enforces against such shear. At the center, of the arch, such transverse members tend tb prevent therod 13 from pulling out of the lower face of the coi'icrete when they tend to straighten under tension. It is obvious that the ends of these trans verse members maybe bent at an angle as indicated at .1 6 if desired to more effectually resist. this tendency of the bar 155 to pull out of and ruptiire the lower ,face of the arch. At the leftof thisfigure this tension member 1 7 extends over the haunches near the external face of the rib in which it is preferably anchored at its outer'cnd is bent across the rib and hooked as at 18 to the bar At other vertical planes such bars ma cross at different points or not as desire The z'trrangement shown for such-external. rods is preferred. At the right in this figure is shown embedded in the tension region of the extrados, a bar 19 similar to the bar 13 at the crown in that it is provided with transverse members 20 attached thereto and extending into the arch rib. The members 20 at the inner end of said bar 19 overlap and interlace the correspoinling members 15 upon the bar 13 and may be tied together in any preferredmannerif desired. These overlapping members and ends are in the region of mininuun bending moment and maximum shear. ,huch transverse members attached to the liar 1-9 effectually anchor the main lml so that other anchorage is unnecessary. although it may be employed if desired. By attaching the bar 17 at the left to the inner bar, said outer bar is held in place while the concrete of the arch ring is being deposited.

in Fig. 3, I have shown an arch with a rib 21 designed to resist the thrust mainly while the lmulling-moments are resisted by projecting ribs 22 on the exterior and 23', upon the interior throughout the 'tensional regions; and these ribs preferably contain embedded re-enforcing members'designed to resist tens'ion and which are thus so far displaced from the central axis of the arch ring as to give them' greater moment to resist. Thus the rib 21 which isshown in section is comparatively light, \vhile the ribs 22 and, 23 upon the opposite sides of the same are projected outslde of the faces of said 'r ib, andfor the sake ,of econom of material are preferably spaced transverse y at about two or three fcetapart. The re-enforcement applied to, this form of arch may obviously be of any desired type, that is, the said members may be continuous, discontinuous or otherwise arranged, but I have shownsuch re-enforcement at the-left consisting of the rods 24 suitably anchored at their outer ends in the material of the arch rib and at their inner ends crossing the arch ring in the region of'no bending moment and hooking around or otherwise-attaching to the rod in the rib 23, as at '25.; The correspond: ing rods 26' in the rib 23 likewise extend.

across the arch rib preferably ata difi'erent' longitudinal point so as to give another shearing member in the region of maximum shear and are attached as at 27 to the rod 24, a convenient method of forming said attachment being merely to-hook the end of the rod around the opposite rod in the same vertical plane. As indicated at the right in this same figure, the bar 26 andthe corresponding bar 28 in the external rib may be provided with transverse prongs or. members similar to those indicated in Fig. 2 which overlap and interlace in the region of maximum shear and of no bending; moment, and which also project into the material of the'rib itself" and serve to bond such projecting ribs to the arch rib. By the above described arrangement of the tension rods. they may be placed at a greater distance from the central axis of the arch than is usual, and therefore may be smaller so that less steel 1s required for re1nforcement and a less amount of concrete or similar material is required for the body of the arch. An additional advantage in this latter structure resides in the fact thiiit the arch can be built to the theoretical lorin required while the projecting ribs m nerve as a screen to give the arch a sen.ic1rcuhn' or elliptical appearance as "is indicateij. in tho IIO figure at'th left. Thus. at the right the usual abutment 29cis provided, butat the left'thc arch rib is designed for strength with economy of material and is extended to a 's ntable footing 30 while the same external appearance is imparted to this end of the Structure as that at the right by means of the internal rib 31 following the general ciirvature'of the inner face of the other end of the arch; Thus the semi-circularor elliptical appearance is imparted to the structure as a whole.

The latter rib is indicatedias re-enforced by a tension member32 embedded therein and having its ldwer end anchored in the footing 30, and its upper end extending up across the arch body-and into the projecting rib 22 Where it is hooked around the rod '24 therein. Another tension member 33 may extend along the'inner face of the arch ring. The projecting ribs closer together or farther a art than stated and any ribmay be emitter by replacing its tension member with a heavier member embedded in the body of the rib itself tension .ribs also may have a separate re-en-i forcement ending atthe edges of the tension regionsor extending far enough into the com pression regions. to'secure anchorage.

In Fig. 4 an arch is shown in which the rib is designed for efficiency of form regardlessof appearance, while'the carrying ribs are so placed as to give the usual form andhppear ance to the arch, in thiscase a semi-circular appearance with vertical bench walls. These ribs maybe employed. as described in connection with Fig. 3 for. the purpose of carrying reinforcing tension members; In case v these ribs. are employed only for the sake of only whenused for appearanceexcept at the wells. sired intervals throughout the: structure as indicated in Fig. 5 but particularly in the case of the bench wallribs may be omitted faces. Reinforcing members of any type or those particularly described herein may be provided in-said projecting ribs, the rods or members 39 being shown continuous throughout the alternate tensional regions, while the. members 40 are of the type providedivithv attached 'prongs or transverse members. At 41-. the rods are shown crossing the arch at.

differentplan's-s and hooked around each other at their ends; The rods 41 are shown across the lower end of the rib on the may be placed The right, thence along the inner face of the I bench wall rib and curvedat the ends to se-' cure anchorage. At the left a rod 43 passes along the inner' face of the rib 37 and then crosses the arch and hooks around the adja:

cent rod39 at a point 44.= One of the rods 39 is shown crossing the riband hooking around the rod 43 at the point v45. Any arrangement of reinforcing membersmay obviously be employed. By extending the bench wall ribs deep enough they may act as protection against scouring under the abutments.

In all these figuresn'on-continuouS-rods or members as distinguished from continuous rods or members extendingthrough the alternate tensional regions are shown, this feae "ture being of considerable practical value in the. purchase of such material .in the open.

market, and in handling and using the'same for itsint'ended purchase.

-While 1- have thus Shown and deeribed' certain specific embodiments of my invention, I donot wish to be limited thereto in allrespectsas various changes, alterations and modifications may be made therein without departing from: the sco e or prine .ciple of the same. For examp :an arch may be so loaded thatthe regions oftension would occur on the outside atthe crownand at the int-rados at the, hau'nches or so that there would be five or more regions of tension alternately on opposite sidesof the arch 'irib'l I. claim broadly therefore, thearrangement' j of reinforcing rods and ribs alfo g the regions of tension with the rods crossi g the rib and joining at the regions between. I claim the arrangement of rods" andlribs on alternately;

opposite sides of an arch rib, the rods crossing the rib and joining the alternate rods between the'regions of tension. Having thus described my invention What 1 I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is: i

1. An arch of concrete or other materiai having re nforcing members embedded near intrados and extrados alternately, the ends ofv said members overlapping and extending across the arch rib at the shearing regions'.

.i2. An arch of concrete or other material having reinforcing members passing through thetensional regions, the ends ofsaid mem+ be'rs being bent across the arch rib and overlapping at the shearing regions.

3. An arch of concrete or other material having reinforcing members assing through the tensional regions, the en s'of said menibers beingbent across the-arch rib at the shearing regions and attached to one another.

4. An arch of concrete or other material having reinforcing members embedded near *themtrados and extrad'os alternately, the ends of said members overlapping andcrossing' the arch rib at the shearing regions, but displaced longitudinally with respectto one another.

nately displaced. G. A concrete arch having reinforcing tenmembers sion members along alternatelyopposite porlions only tension members having transverse members extending transversely o'i'the arch rib.

.7. A concrete arch having a reinforcing tension member along-a part only of the in trades, said member having attached thereto diverging members arranged at an angle thereto and extending into the arch, and other reinforcing members near the extra dos at alternately opposite points. 8. A concrete arch rib having reinforcing tension members along a portion of the in t'rados, with other diverging members attached to the reinforcing members and extending across the arched rib, and other tension member's'embedded near alternately opposite ortions of extrados only, but with the en s overlapping the ends of the intrados tension members and-crossing the arch rib at points longitudinally displaced with respectto one another.

9. A concrete arch having-reinforcing tension members extending along the intrados and the extrados in the tensional regions, the members in the intrados having diver ing members attached thereto and exten ing into the arch rib, the ends of the members in the extrados crossing the rib to join the intrado's members.

10. An arch or bridge reinforced with em bedded tension members said members each having a plurality of diverging shearing members attached near one end, said tension members being arranged alternately to provide a n'i'aterially greater reinforcement near one face than near the face.

11'. An arch having projecting ribs extending from the arch ring back of the abutments.

12. A coneretefl alternately above transverse member.

13. An arch having projecting ribs containing embedded tension members alter-. natel y on opposite sides of the arch ribs, said tension members being continuous through the arch from rib to ri )ridg'e with ribs projecting 141. An arch having a barrel or ring constructcd of the desired form, said barrel or ring being provided with end. flanges or projecting ribs to give the desired appearance to the end of the arch.

15. An arch having its ring or barrel con-' structed for efficiency without regard to appearance,'-said ring or barrel being provided with endilangesor projecting ribs to give the structure the desired appearance at the ends.

immediately opposite and below a continuous of intrados and extrados, such l 16. An arch of concrete with the exposed faces of the arch presenting a different curvature from the body of the arch.

17. An arch of concrete having of the barrel. A v

18. A concrete bridge with an arched rib" at the end'of different formxfrom the mainportion of the bridge. 1

19. A concrete bridge-with ribs pro ecting ribs'projecting from the intrados near the ends of the barrel and at adifierent curvature from that alternately above and below a continuous-- transverse member, and hers embedded in said rib I 1 .20. A bridge of concrete or similar ma terial with ribs projecting above and below, and with tension members having shearing membersattaohed thereto embeddedin the lower ribs. Y

21. A bridge ofconcrete or the'like ribs projecting both above and-below and with a roadway between the upper ribs and having reinforcing members in the lower ribsi 22. A bridge of concrete or similar matcrial reinforced With tension members extending through the tensional regions With substantially parallel endings in the shearing region's. w

.23. A'concrete bridge with ribbed and reinforced abutments.

' reinforcingmem} 1 95 24. An arch of concrete with abutments reinforced with vertical ribs.

25. An arch of concrete with ribs project-f ing from the abutments.

, 261A concrete arch alternating longitudinally on opposite sides and tension members embedded in the ribs.

"27. A concrete arch having projecting ribs alternating longitudinally on opposite sldes.

bers embedded on opposite sidesof a region of minimum bending moments with splices between opposite members near regions of minimum bending moment.

29. An arch'with embedded reinforcing in members on opposite sides of a region of minimum bending moment Welded or spliced to one another across the region of minimum bendin moment.

embedded crossing the arch [rib near the points of minimum bending moment, said tension members being welded, splicedor joined near the points of crossing to form a continuous member following both surfaces 12p of the arch rib.

having proj ecting ribs 100 28. A concrete bridge with tension mem- 1o 5 concrete arch with tension members I I 5 31. A concrete archlwith embedded ten-v sion members passing through regions of tension and Welded or spliced between the reetween the regions of tension.

32. An arch of concrete or similar material with a metal tension member embedded near theextrados and spliced or welded near a region of minimum bending moment, to a ions of tension to form a member continuous 1 2 5 Q rib projecting back ofthe body of the abuometal tension member embedded near the in- K tmdoe, I of the abutment, said. reinforcement; e011- A. concrete arch havirrg en. external rib; i itinuing into and through the arch ring.

projecting above the extrados and back of i In Witness whereof, I have hereunto subthe abutment and a tension member passing scribed my name in the presence of two witfrom the arehinto'the projecting nb. messes.

34.. A concrete bridge having e reinforced 1 DANIEL B. LUTEN.

Vitnesses: Y

J. C. STUCKENBERG,

ment force.

WM. DERBY.

35. arch of Concrete or simfler man aerial having a reinforced rib extending back 

